Knowledge of the historical & geographical background of ancient Arabia is useful in understanding the history of Islam.
Arabia is a vast peninsula (Jazeera Numa) in the south west of the Asia, it is one of the biggest peninsula in the world having a maximum length of 1500 miles, a breadth of 1300 with the total area of 1,20,0000 sq miles , it is one of the hottest & driest yet arid & forbidden Land . one third of which is stony desert .Arabia has three deserts namely
shows the Rabiul Khali is devoid of all living plants, animals .Arabia is the driest yet water is meager because of absence of river and streams at all , vegetation is scarce most of birds are migratory such as bastard etc.
According to an Arabian traditions , the arabs are divided into three races , they are firstly the Primitive Arabs who are called the Arab Baida , the second race of the Arab’s is Banu Qahtan also called the Himayarites or the Yamanies because their homeland was the Yamen or South Arabia, lastly there are the Northren Arabs called the Arab Mustariba the naturalized arabs ,they are the descended of Ismaile, the son of the prophet Ibraheem & Hajra one of his wife who was left by him along with her child in Hijaz at the place later came to know as Makah . Ishmael had a son named Adnan & two descendent known as Nizar & Modhar . the tribe of holy prophet Quraysh belonged to the Ismaelite group of the Arab race
Arabs called their country ‘JAZIRATUL ARAB’, the Island of Arab, it is surrounded by water on three sides & by the sand on the forth , in its west lies the ‘Red Sea’ , in the south is the ‘Indian Ocean’ in the east is the ‘Persian Gulf ‘ while in the north is the desert of ‘Nifud ‘ or the Syrian Desert which was an equally impassable barrier particularly in the ancient & medieval time.
The Punjtni (پنجتنی) is a Sufi order of Sunni Islam founded by “Abul Husayn Ali Punjtni” in the 13th century and is followed by millions of people around the world.
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